Basic file/stream handling

Author(s): Daniel Cabeza, Mats Carlsson.

Version: 1.11#222 (2004/5/24, 13:8:7 CEST)

Version of last change: 1.11#125 (2003/12/29, 18:52:30 CET)

This module provides basic predicates for handling files and streams, in order to make input/output on them.

• Usage and interface (streams_basic)
• Documentation on exports (streams_basic)
• Documentation on multifiles (streams_basic)

Usage and interface (streams_basic)

Documentation on exports (streams_basic)

PREDICATE: open/3:

open(File, Mode, Stream)

Open File with mode Mode and return in Stream the stream associated with the file. No extension is implicit in File.

General properties:

• The following properties hold globally: This predicate is understood natively by CiaoPP. (basic_props:native/1)

Usage 1: * ISO *

• Description: Normal use.
• Calls should, and exit will be compatible with: Stream is an open stream. (streams_basic:stream/1)
• The following properties should hold at call time: File is a source name. (streams_basic:sourcename/1) Mode is an opening mode ('read', 'write' or 'append'). (streams_basic:io_mode/1)
• The following properties hold upon exit: Stream is an open stream. (streams_basic:stream/1)

Usage 2:

• Description: In the special case that File is an integer, it is assumed to be a file descriptor passed to Prolog from a foreign function call. The file descriptor is connected to a Prolog stream (invoking the UNIX function fdopen) which is unified with Stream.
• Calls should, and exit will be compatible with: Stream is an open stream. (streams_basic:stream/1)
• The following properties should hold at call time: File is an integer. (basic_props:int/1) Mode is an opening mode ('read', 'write' or 'append'). (streams_basic:io_mode/1)
• The following properties hold upon exit: Stream is an open stream. (streams_basic:stream/1)

PREDICATE: open/4:

open(File, Mode, Stream, Options)

Same as open(File, Mode, Stream) with options Options. See the definition of open_option_list/1 for details.

Usage:

• Calls should, and exit will be compatible with: Stream is an open stream. (streams_basic:stream/1)
• The following properties should hold at call time: File is a source name. (streams_basic:sourcename/1) Mode is an opening mode ('read', 'write' or 'append'). (streams_basic:io_mode/1) Options is a list of options for open/4. (streams_basic:open_option_list/1)
• The following properties hold upon exit: Stream is an open stream. (streams_basic:stream/1)
• The following properties hold globally: This predicate is understood natively by CiaoPP. (basic_props:native/1)

REGTYPE: open_option_list/1:

A list of options for open/4, currently the meaningful options are:

lock

Try to set an advisory lock for the file. If the open mode is read, the lock is a read (shared) lock, else it is a write (exclusive) lock. If the lock cannot be acquired, the call waits until it is released (but can fail in exceptional cases).

lock_nb

Same as lock, but the call immediately fails if the lock cannot be acquired.

lock(Lock_Mode)

Same as lock, but specifying in Lock_Mode whether the lock is read (also shared) or write (also exclusive). This option has be included for compatibility with the SWI-Prolog locking options, because in general the type of lock should match the open mode as in the lock option.

lock_nb(Lock_Mode)

Same as the previous option but with the lock_nb behavior.

All file locking is implemented via the POSIX function fcntl(). Please refer to its manual page for details.

Usage: open_option_list(L)

• Description: L is a list of options for open/4.

PREDICATE: close/1:

close(Stream)

Close the stream Stream.

Usage: * ISO *

• The following properties should hold at call time: Stream is an open stream. (streams_basic:stream/1)
• The following properties hold globally: This predicate is understood natively by CiaoPP. (basic_props:native/1)

PREDICATE: set_input/1:

set_input(Stream)

Set the current input stream to Stream. A notion of current input stream is maintained by the system, so that input predicates with no explicit stream operate on the current input stream. Initially it is set to user_input.

Usage: * ISO *

• The following properties should hold at call time: Stream is an open stream. (streams_basic:stream/1)
• The following properties hold globally: This predicate is understood natively by CiaoPP. (basic_props:native/1)

PREDICATE: current_input/1:

current_input(Stream)

Unify Stream with the current input stream. In addition to the ISO behavior, stream aliases are allowed. This is useful for most applications checking whether a stream is the standard input or output.

Usage: * ISO *

• Calls should, and exit will be compatible with: Stream is an open stream. (streams_basic:stream/1)
• The following properties hold upon exit: Stream is an open stream. (streams_basic:stream/1)
• The following properties hold globally: This predicate is understood natively by CiaoPP. (basic_props:native/1)

PREDICATE: set_output/1:

set_output(Stream)

Set the current output stream to Stream. A notion of current output stream is maintained by the system, so that output predicates with no explicit stream operate on the current output stream. Initially it is set to user_output.

Usage: * ISO *

• The following properties should hold at call time: Stream is an open stream. (streams_basic:stream/1)
• The following properties hold globally: This predicate is understood natively by CiaoPP. (basic_props:native/1)

PREDICATE: current_output/1:

current_output(Stream)

Unify Stream with the current output stream. The same comment as for current_input/1 applies.

Usage: * ISO *

• Calls should, and exit will be compatible with: Stream is an open stream. (streams_basic:stream/1)
• The following properties hold upon exit: Stream is an open stream. (streams_basic:stream/1)
• The following properties hold globally: This predicate is understood natively by CiaoPP. (basic_props:native/1)

PREDICATE: character_count/2:

character_count(Stream, Count)

Count characters have been read from or written to Stream.

Usage:

• Calls should, and exit will be compatible with: Count is an integer. (basic_props:int/1)
• The following properties should hold at call time: Stream is an open stream. (streams_basic:stream/1)
• The following properties hold upon exit: Count is an integer. (basic_props:int/1)
• The following properties hold globally: This predicate is understood natively by CiaoPP. (basic_props:native/1)

PREDICATE: line_count/2:

line_count(Stream, Count)

Count lines have been read from or written to Stream.

Usage:

• Calls should, and exit will be compatible with: Count is an integer. (basic_props:int/1)
• The following properties should hold at call time: Stream is an open stream. (streams_basic:stream/1)
• The following properties hold upon exit: Count is an integer. (basic_props:int/1)
• The following properties hold globally: This predicate is understood natively by CiaoPP. (basic_props:native/1)

PREDICATE: line_position/2:

line_position(Stream, Count)

Count characters have been read from or written to the current line of Stream.

Usage:

• Calls should, and exit will be compatible with: Count is an integer. (basic_props:int/1)
• The following properties should hold at call time: Stream is an open stream. (streams_basic:stream/1)
• The following properties hold upon exit: Count is an integer. (basic_props:int/1)
• The following properties hold globally: This predicate is understood natively by CiaoPP. (basic_props:native/1)

PREDICATE: flush_output/1:

flush_output(Stream)

Flush any buffered data to output stream Stream.

Usage: * ISO *

• The following properties should hold at call time: Stream is an open stream. (streams_basic:stream/1)
• The following properties hold globally: This predicate is understood natively by CiaoPP. (basic_props:native/1)

PREDICATE: flush_output/0:

flush_output(flush_output

Behaves like current_output(S), flush_output(S)

PREDICATE: clearerr/1:

clearerr(Stream)

Clear the end-of-file and error indicators for input stream Stream.

Usage:

• The following properties should hold at call time: Stream is an open stream. (streams_basic:stream/1)

PREDICATE: current_stream/3:

current_stream(Filename, Mode, Stream)

Stream is a stream which was opened in mode Mode and which is connected to the absolute file name Filename (an atom) or to the file descriptor Filename (an integer). This predicate can be used for enumerating all currently open streams through backtracking.

General properties:

• The following properties hold globally: This predicate is understood natively by CiaoPP. (basic_props:native/1)

Usage 1:

• Calls should, and exit will be compatible with: Filename is an atom. (basic_props:atm/1) Mode is an opening mode ('read', 'write' or 'append'). (streams_basic:io_mode/1) Stream is an open stream. (streams_basic:stream/1)
• The following properties hold upon exit: Filename is an atom. (basic_props:atm/1) Mode is an opening mode ('read', 'write' or 'append'). (streams_basic:io_mode/1) Stream is an open stream. (streams_basic:stream/1)

Usage 2:

• Calls should, and exit will be compatible with: Filename is an integer. (basic_props:int/1) Mode is an opening mode ('read', 'write' or 'append'). (streams_basic:io_mode/1) Stream is an open stream. (streams_basic:stream/1)
• The following properties hold upon exit: Filename is an integer. (basic_props:int/1) Mode is an opening mode ('read', 'write' or 'append'). (streams_basic:io_mode/1) Stream is an open stream. (streams_basic:stream/1)

PREDICATE: stream_code/2:

stream_code(Stream, StreamCode)

StreamCode is the file descriptor (an integer) corresponding to the Prolog stream Stream.

Usage 1:

• Calls should, and exit will be compatible with: StreamCode is an integer. (basic_props:int/1)
• The following properties should hold at call time: Stream is an open stream. (streams_basic:stream/1)
• The following properties hold upon exit: StreamCode is an integer. (basic_props:int/1)

Usage 2:

• The following properties should hold at call time: Stream is a free variable. (term_typing:var/1) StreamCode is an integer. (basic_props:int/1)
• The following properties hold upon exit: Stream is an open stream. (streams_basic:stream/1)

PREDICATE: absolute_file_name/2:

absolute_file_name(RelFileSpec, AbsFileSpec)

If RelFileSpec is an absolute pathname then do an absolute lookup. If RelFileSpec is a relative pathname then prefix the name with the name of the current directory and do an absolute lookup. If RelFileSpec is a path alias, perform the lookup following the path alias rules (see sourcename/1). In all cases: if a matching file with suffix .pl exists, then AbsFileSpec will be unified with this file. Failure to open a file normally causes an exception. The behaviour can be controlled by the fileerrors prolog flag.

Usage: absolute_file_name(RelFileSpec, AbsFileSpec)

• Description: AbsFileSpec is the absolute name (with full path) of RelFileSpec.
• Calls should, and exit will be compatible with: RelFileSpec is a source name. (streams_basic:sourcename/1) AbsFileSpec is an atom. (basic_props:atm/1)
• The following properties should hold at call time: RelFileSpec is currently a term which is not a free variable. (term_typing:nonvar/1) AbsFileSpec is a free variable. (term_typing:var/1)
• The following properties hold globally: This predicate is understood natively by CiaoPP. (basic_props:native/1)

PREDICATE: absolute_file_name/7:

absolute_file_name(Spec, Opt, Suffix, CurrDir, AbsFile, AbsBase, AbsDir)

AbsFile is the absolute name (with full path) of Spec, which has an optional first suffix Opt and an optional second suffix Suffix, when the current directory is CurrDir. AbsBase is the same as AbsFile, but without the second suffix, and AbsDir is the absolute path of the directory where AbsFile is. The Ciao compiler invokes this predicate with Opt='_opt' and Suffix='.pl' when searching source files.

Usage:

• The following properties should hold at call time: Spec is a source name. (streams_basic:sourcename/1) Opt is an atom. (basic_props:atm/1) Suffix is an atom. (basic_props:atm/1) CurrDir is an atom. (basic_props:atm/1) AbsFile is a free variable. (term_typing:var/1) AbsBase is a free variable. (term_typing:var/1) AbsDir is a free variable. (term_typing:var/1)
• The following properties hold upon exit: AbsFile is an atom. (basic_props:atm/1) AbsBase is an atom. (basic_props:atm/1) AbsDir is an atom. (basic_props:atm/1)
• The following properties hold globally: This predicate is understood natively by CiaoPP. (basic_props:native/1)

REGTYPE: sourcename/1:

A source name is a flexible way of referring to a concrete file. A source name is either a relative or absolute filename given as:

• an atom, or
• a unary functor (which represents a path alias, see below) applied to a relative path, the latter being given as an atom.

In all cases certain filename extensions (e.g., .pl) can be implicit. In the first form above, file names can be relative to the current directory. Also, file names beginning with ~ or $ are treated specially. For example,

'~/ciao/sample.pl'

is equivalent to '/home/staff/herme/ciao/sample.pl', if /home/staff/herme is the user's home directory. (This is also equivalent to '$HOME/ciao/sample.pl' as explained below.)

'~bardo/prolog/sample.pl'

is equivalent to '/home/bardo/prolog/sample.pl', if /home/bardo is bardo's home directory.

'$UTIL/sample.pl'

is equivalent to '/usr/local/src/utilities/sample.pl', if /usr/local/src/utilities is the value of the environment variable UTIL.

The second form allows using path aliases. Such aliases allow refering to files not with absolute file system paths but with paths which are relative to predefined (or user-defined) abstract names. For example, given the path alias myutils which has been defined to refer to path '/home/bardo/utilities', if that directory contains the file stuff.pl then the term myutils(stuff) in a use_module/1 declaration would refer to the file '/home/bardo/utilities/stuff.pl' (the .pl extension is implicit in the use_module/1 declaration). As a special case, if that directory contains a subdirectory named stuff which in turn contains the file stuff.pl, the same term would refer to the file '/home/bardo/utilities/stuff/stuff.pl'. If a path alias is related to several paths, all paths are scanned in sequence until a match is found. For information on predefined path aliases or how to define new path aliases, see file_search_path/2.

Usage: sourcename(F)

• Description: F is a source name.

REGTYPE: stream/1:

Streams correspond to the file pointers used at the operating system level, and usually represent opened files. There are four special streams which correspond with the operating system standard streams:

user_input

The standard input stream, i.e. the terminal, usually.

user_output

The standard output stream, i.e. the terminal, usually.

user_error

The standard error stream.

user

The standard input or output stream, depending on context.

Usage: stream(S)

• Description: S is an open stream.

REGTYPE: stream_alias/1:

Usage: stream_alias(S)

• Description: S is the alias of an open stream, i.e., an atom which represents a stream at Prolog level.

REGTYPE: io_mode/1:

Can have the following values:

read

Open the file for input.

write

Open the file for output. The file is created if it does not already exist, the file will otherwise be truncated.

append

Open the file for output. The file is created if it does not already exist, the file will otherwise be appended to.

Usage: io_mode(M)

• Description: M is an opening mode ('read', 'write' or 'append').

Documentation on multifiles (streams_basic)

PREDICATE: file_search_path/2:

file_search_path(Alias, Path)

The path alias Alias is linked to path Path. Both arguments must be atoms. New facts (or clauses) of this predicate can be asserted to define new path aliases. Predefined path aliases in Ciao are:

library

Initially points to all Ciao library paths. See library_directory/1.

engine

The path of the Ciao engine builtins.

.

The current path ('.').

The predicate is multifile.

The predicate is of type dynamic.

PREDICATE: library_directory/1:

library_directory(Path)

Path is a library path (a path represented by the path alias library). Predefined library paths in Ciao are '$CIAOLIB/lib', '$CIAOLIB/library', and '$CIAOLIB/contrib', given that $CIAOLIB is the path of the root ciao library directory. More library paths can be defined by asserting new facts (or clauses) of this predicate.

The predicate is multifile.

The predicate is of type dynamic.

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